roundaboutthere

Tuesday, February 19, 2008

Heat

In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a divergence in temperature. In thermodynamics, the quantity TdS is used as a commissioner measure of heat, which is the absolute temperature of an object multiplied by the differential quantity of a system's entropy measured at the boundary of the object. Heat can flow suddenly from an object with a high heat to an object with a lower temperature. The transfer of heat from an object, to another object with an equal or higher temperature, however, can happen only with the aid of a heat force.

High temperature bodies, which often result in high rates of heat transfer, can be created by chemical reactions (such as burning), nuclear reactions (such as fusion taking place inside the Sun), electromagnetic indulgence (as in electric stoves), or mechanical dissipation (such as friction). Heat can be transferred between objects by an emission, conduction and convection. Temperature is used as a measure of the inside energy or enthalpy, that is the level of elementary motion giving rise to heat transfer. Heat can only be transferred between objects, or areas within an object, with different temperatures (as given by the zeroth law of thermodynamics), and then, in the absence of work, only in the direction of the colder body (as per the second law of thermodynamics). The temperature and phase of a material subject to heat transfer are determined by latent heat and heat capacity. A related term is thermal energy, loosely defined as the energy of a body that increases with its temperature.

Monday, February 11, 2008

Mango

The mango is now widely cultivated as a fruit tree in frost-free humid and warmer subtropical climates throughout the Indian subcontinent, North, South and Central America, the Caribbean, south and central Africa, Australia and Southeast Asia. It is easily sophisticated and there are now more than 1,000 cultivars, ranging from the "turpentine mango" (named for its strong taste of turpentine, which according to the Oxford Companion to Food some varieties essentially control) to the huevos de toro.

The mango is a popular fruit with people around the world. However, many mango farmers accept a low price for their produce. This has led to mangoes being available as a just trade item in some countries. Dwarf or semi-dwarf varities, such as Nam Doc Mai can be grown and fruit in containers. They will need constant care and scale maybe difficult.

The pigment euxanthin, usually known as Indian yellow, is often described as having been produced from the urine of cows fed on mango leaves; the practice is described as having been outlawed in 1908 after having been found to cause starvation in the cows. However, Victoria Finlay has shown that these descriptions of the pigment's origin all rely on a single undependable source, that there exist no other records of the pigment being produced in such a fashion, and that Indian legal records do not mention any such practice ever being outlawed. As such, the capability of the pigment's making from mango-leaf-fed cows is unknown.